Figure 1: Leading Change (own illustration, based on Messner, 2017, p. 9, and Kissling-Näf et al., 2024, p. 3). Here is a brief explanation of the terms: Modes: inspired by March's Exploration & Exploitation, and the Modes of Development of the St. Gallen Management Model; Optimization: improving the existing; Renewal: creating something new; Timing: is key to keep up with the pace of change (see Kotter, 2014); Proactive: anticipating changes and taking measures to exploit opportunities and minimize risks; Reactive: responding to change; Adaptation: adapting to changing situations; Transformation: deliberate renewal (changing its functional logic) or optimization (retaining its functional logic) of a social system.